Introduction. An important issue is to ensure the intensification of international economic rela­tions in the context of globalization and the strength­hening of environmental determinants. The use of mechanisms, models and tools of economic and envi­ronmental diplomacy will improve the competitive position and image of countries. Problem. It is necessary to develop the potential of economic and environmental diplomacy as integrators of politics, economics and ecology, initiators of the functioning of platforms for consolidation of countries in solving global problems. The aim of the article is to define the features of economic and environmental diplomacy in the context of strategic directions of development in the context of globalization and increasing inter­na­tional competition. Methods. The methodological basis of the study are general and special methods, comprehen­sive analysis. Results. The article considers topical issues of modern development of economic and environmental diplomacy, directions of policy changes in international economic relations, image formation and competitive positions. The development of the country’s national economic potential on the world stage depends on new forms of diplomacy, mechanisms to protect the economic and environ­mental interests of countries, development of inter­national dialogue, trade negotiations, business coope­ration and intensi­fication of business initiatives. Conclusions. The development of economic and environmental diplomacy of Ukraine is a prog­ressive type of activity aimed at representing and protecting the national interests of the country and assisting exporters in world markets.

Introduction. Structural disproportions of the national economy of Ukraine cause a high level of dependency on goods export, which is mainly done through marine ports. Considering a high level of wear of fixed assets in the port infrastructure, there is a need for attracting additional financial resources for conducting modernization programs. This is proposed to achieve by intensifying transit shipping. Analysis of recent research and publications shows great relevance of the transit goods shipping subject as well as their role in generating greater cashflow for ports. The aim of the article is to develop proposals for attracting capital investment towards port infrastructure, while the the source of their financing is suggested to come from an increase of goods transit through Ukrainian ports. ?ethods. The object of this article is to study marine ports of Ukraine and the state of sea transit shipping. Results. An analysis of the current state of transit goods shipping through Ukrainian marine ports is carried from both quantitive and qualitative aspects. Main problems undermining the utilization of the marine transport potential are determined. Proposals are given for increasing the volume of transit goods shipping. Conclusions. Ukrainian marine ports boast considerable underutilized potential for servicing additional volumes of transit freight. An effective employment of this potential will lead to an increase of ports profitability which, in turn, will open new possibilities for financing modernization programs and renewing fixed assets.

Introduction. As the attack on Ukraine intensified, the United States and other Western countries imposed unprecedented economic sanctions on Russia and declared their support for Ukraine. Problem. Consideringthe far-reaching impact of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine on international development in the long run, it is extremely important for the international community to implement compre­hensive solutions focused on development priorities. The aim of the article is to study the impact of the war in Ukraine on inflation risks and challenges for the world economy. Methods. The information base of the study was the study of official information and periodicals. Methodological basis of the research: analysis, synthesis, systems approach, statistical methods and abstract-logical methods. Results. The new sanctions regime and the cost of the war are likely to push the Russian economy into a recession worse than the 1998 recession and the Russian financial crisis, accompanied by significant increases in inflation and the cost of living of Russian households. According to our preliminary estimates, Russia’s real GDP will fall by 4–9 % in 2022, while growth will range from –1 % to 2.5 % in 2023. Inflation may rise to 11–17 % in 2022, fall to 6–12.03 % in 2022. A key factor in these projections is that Russia’s oil and gas exports, especially to Europe, are largely continuing, but this may change if sanctions are tightened. In 2021, Russia’s exports of mineral fuels, oils and distillation products amounted to 199 USDbillion. USA, which accounts for 40.5 % of Russia’s total exports and 11.4 % of its GDP. Depending on the duration of sanctions and the possibility of their strengthening, the world economy may be significantly affected during 2022–2023. Conclusions. It is expected that the war in Ukraine will have a significant impact on the economy and consumers in terms of such actions: expanding the supply chain, increasing inflationary pressures, deteriorating economic prospects.

Introduction. The AEO has become the flag­ship program of the Customs-Business Partnership for WTO members. Business partnership programs allow customs authorities to achieve higher results in ensuring security and safety of international trade through incentives such as reduced controls, simplified procedures, periodic reporting, deferred payments, repu­tational benefits and others. Analysis of world expe­rience (namely the USA, the EU, China and other WTO countries) has shown the feasibility of implementing the AEO program, which allows authorized businesses to provide special simplify­cation for the movement of goods through internationallogistics chains. Analysis of recent researches and publica­tions has shown that the published up to date papers aren’t systematic and can’t claim to be a complete analysis of the AEO program world experience and benefits for doing business in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze the worldand Ukrainian experience while implementing AEO program. Methods. General scientific methods such as the systematic approach, theo­retical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis have been used for the research. Results. The AEO program was launched in the EU in 2008, where today about 80% of export-import operations are carried out by companies with AEO status or individual authorizations for special simplifications. The total number of compa­nies with AEO status in the EU is over 24,275 at the end of 2021. AEO programs have already been implemented in 97 countries, another 20 countries are in the active stages of implementation. 87 bila­teral and 4 multilateral / regional MRAs on mutual recognitionhave been signed. 78 MRAs are under negotiation. An unconditional positive is the launch of the AEO program in Ukraine, which is in line with leading European and world experience. The Ministry of Finance and the State Customs Service, with the support of the British Embassy, the Reform Support Office and the EU4PFM project, have developed and implemented the necessary legal framework to launch the AEO program in Ukraine. The AEO program became important during the war between Ukraine and Russia. In this aspect, it is important to increase the number of companies with AEO status that have a certain type of simplification (AEO-C and / or AEO-B). This will speed up the customs clearance and passing goods of such companies to meet the needs of the Armed Forcesand the civil population of Ukraine. Conclusions. Today there is a significant gap in informing business representatives, young professionals and practitioners, applicants for higher education in Ukraine about the specifics of meeting the requirements for AEO authorization, the tangible benefits of AEO status for both types of business in Ukraine and at the international level. Wider implementation of the AEO program in Ukraine, in addition to the tool of business partnerships, trade facilitation, strengthening security in the field of foreign economic activity, will also be one of the tools to de-shadow business.

Introduction. Science and technology policy should be the most dynamic policy domains in Poland. The strong political interest in science and technology reflects a wide recognition of the relevance of scientific research and technological development in relation to industrial competitiveness and societal problems. In preparing for the challenges our country faces in the 21st Century, research and development are regarded as vital, whether they concern aging, transportation and mobility issues or sustainable development. Analysis of recent researches and publications has shown that the published up to date papers aren’t systematic and can’t claim to be a complete analysis in the chosen field. The aim of the articleis to present a recent prospective technological study aimed at reconciling technological development with the long-term goal of achieving sustainable development. Methods. General scientific methods such as the systematic approach, theo­retical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis have been used in the research. Results. The aim of the long-term strategies for sustainable development of the state is to provide information and analysis necessary to maintain the leading position in the field of technological development and innovation in the foreseeable future. Currently, a significant method of supporting this activity is technology foresight.In Poland technology foresight activities play an important role in targeting science and technology towards present and future societal needs. Technology foresight is regarded as the most upstream element of the identification of prospects for innovation and technological development. It provides inputs for the formulation of technology policies and strategies that guide the development of the technological infrastructure. In addition, technology foresight provides support to innovation, and incentives and assistance to enterprises in the domain of technology management and technology transfer, leading to enhanced competitiveness and growth.The technologyforesight initiative also provides suitable metho­dologies to promote sustainable and innovative development, fostering economic, environmental and social benefits at national and regional levels. Its outcomes are policies and programs that deal with innovation, industrial growth and competitiveness. Conclusions. The main conclusion of the technology foresight study (especially in their ecolo­gical aspects) is that technology offers opportunities for sustainable development. But alignment of techno­logical developments with sustainability is necessary. The secondary effects like shifting the burden from environment to space should be counteract. Also, more attention is needed for system innovations. The government is an important player on different levels (regulation, stakeholder) and should start the dialogue with relevant parties. The system approach and societal needs offer a useful conceptual frame­work to bring parties together. The technology foresightstudy could form a basis for this dialogue.

Introduction. Implementation of the of green economy model involves creating conditions for business development based on a new environmental standards and technologies, state support for socially and environmentally responsible enterprises, increa­sing the role of the state and intergovernmental bodies in economic and environmental culture, environmental initiatives and resources, resource conservation programs. Identification and environ­mental vacancies that diversify energy sources, sustainable development, energy supply, address the environmental and health issues, help leaders and policymakers identify and provide executive decisions and identify multifaceted priorities for environmental management. Problem. To achieve this goal, it is necessary t? determine the priority areas for innovative development of public policy, based on the priority of implementing international and European economic standardsas at present, the institutional principles for green growth in Ukraine have not yet been finalized. The aim of the article is to investigate the main issues about green jobs in education as well as green economy and find paradoxes of its implementation. Methods. The information basis for the study is the latest work of scientists in a particular field. System analysis, synthesis, analysis have been used. Results. It is determined that green j?bs me?ns present?ng j?bs ??med d?rectly ?t pr?tect?ng the env?r?nment ?r wh?ch c?nnected w?th m?n?m?z?t??n ?f hum?ns’ ?mp?ct ?n the pl?net ex?stence. It is presented green j?bs ?n d?fferent f?elds ?f ?ct?v?ty with the formulation of their pecul??r?t?es. It is determined new professions related to the deve­lopment of the green economy. It is investigated the c?ncept of a green w?rkpl?ce, new skills that are important for green jobs and education. Newrequirements (skills) for new professions are also studied. Conclusions. All developedc?untr?es ?re w?rking ?n the d?rect??n of planet saving, as well as the green economy. Green pr?jects c?uld rece?ve much m?re fund?ng ?f ?nvest?rs h?d m?re rel??ble ?nf?rm?t??n ?b?ut the pr?jects ?nd the?r p?rt?c?p?nts. P?tent??l ?nvest?rs ?re deterred by the l?ck ?r fr?gment?t??n ?f ?nf?rm?t??n ?n h?w the pr?p?sed pr?jects w?ll ?ffect (?r m?y ?ffect) the st?te ?f the env?r?nment, if this may affect such an income.

Introduction. Cross-border mergers and acquisi­tionshelp increase global competitiveness. Problem. Taking into account the trend of strengthening integration processes in the interna­tional economy, it is especially important to study the foreign experience of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, analyze their effectiveness and find ways to improve this market. An analysis of recent research and publications has shown that despite the existence of some scientific achievements, an important scientific and practical problem of the characteristics of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in accordance with current trends in the international economy remains unresolved. The aim of the article is to identify the chara­cteristics, analysis of the current state and trends of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Materials and methods. In the course of the research the materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, reports of international organizations and scientific works of scientists on cross-border mergers and acquisitions were used. Methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, generalization, historical method, structural-functional method, etc. were used. Research results. Characteristic features and tendencies of cross-border mergers and acquisitions are determined: periodic alternation of world economic crises and stock market falls (2008–2009, 2011, 2020); mainly occur in industries with a high level of monopolization (technological and financial sectors, energy); agreements are increasingly being concluded at the initiative of private investment funds or large corporations from the BRICS countries. It is established that the leaders of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, which serve as an important source of attracting foreign investment, are companies in North America and Europe. Conclusions. The main ways to improve the market for cross-border mergers and acquisitions are: increasing the capitalization of national companies and their investment attractiveness; increasing the volume and quality of products; development and implementation of new technologies; modernization of the sectoral structure of the economy; development of transport and financial infrastructure; develop­ment of the domestic stock market, ensuring openness and reliability of financial statements; improving the regulatory framework; stabilization of the military-political situation.

Introduction. The institutional transformationof the IMF is aimed at ensuring global financial stability. This requires a study of changes in approaches and mechanisms for the formation and use of financial assets and indicators that determine the effectiveness and efficiency of its activities. Problem. The institutional development of the IMF requires adequate resources and improvement of the internal system of financial relations, mechanisms of accumulation and redistribution of financial and credit flows.Understanding the features and consequences of such transformations is important for the development of both the global financial system as a whole and individual sovereign countries, the stability of which has long depended on cooperation with the IMF. The aim of the article is aimed at identifying the content and impact of improving the functioning of the IMF’s finances to ensure the stability of the global financial system. Methods. To reveal the peculiarities of the formation and use of financial resources, the systematic method is used, while scientific abstraction and generalization are used to deter­mine the financial architecture, and methods of analysis and synthesis are used to analyse the IMF financial performance. Results. The development of the global financial environment effects the IMF financial architecture and performance. Indicators of accu­mulation and use of own and borrowed funds are studied.The IMF financial performance for 2019–2020 is estimated. The role of the IMF in ensuring the stability of the world’s financial system is revealed. Conclusion. The institutional development of the IMF is aimed at ensuring the stability of the global financial system and meeting the needs of the world community for resources. Improving the IMF’s financial management reflects thestrengthening of its financial and credit capacity by increasing the member countries’quotas, using gold reserves and borrowing, optimizing costs, and ensuring the efficiencyfunctioning.

Introduction. The question of how exchange rates adjust is central to exchange rate policy, since countries with fixed exchange rates need to know what the equilibrium exchange rate is likely to be and countries with variable exchange rates would like to know what level and variation in real and nominal exchange rates they should expect. In broader terms, the question of whether exchange rates adjust toward a level established by purchasing power parity helps to determine the extent to which the international macroeconomic system is self-equilibrating Analysis of recent researches and publications has shown that the published up to date papers aren’t systematic and can’t claim to be a complete analysis in the chosen field. The aim is to test the validity of PPP hypothesis in the long run in former and current European transitional economies. Methods. General scientific methods such as the systematic approach, theo­retical generalization and comparison, analysis, synthesis and the Levin–Lin–Chu (LLC) panel unit root test have been used in the research. Research results. This paper tests the validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in the long run in selected European transitional economies. The database used in this paper contains monthly data on real effective exchange rate (REER) observed over 23 years, from March 1995 till November 2017. To test the hypothesis, the Levin–Lin–Chu (LLC) panel unit root test was employed. The results confirm that PPP holds both for Central European and Western Balkan states in the long run. Conclusions. The equilibrium exchange rate question is central question to exchange rate policy. Purchasing power parity hypothesis was tested on the sample of 14 European countries form the Central and Eastern Europe and Western Balkan region. The database used in this paper contains monthly data on real effective exchange rate –REER observed over 23 years, from March 1995 till November 2017. As PPP holds if the real exchange rate reverts to its equilibrium value over time, the unit root test was applied on panel REER dataset. The results of applied Levin–Lin–Chu (LLC) panel unit root tests confirmed that the PPP hypothesis holds for selected countries during the observed period. Additionaly, results confirmed that PPP hypothesis holds both for CEE and Western Balkan countries separately.

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, military-political, migration, terrorist, environmental and other security threats, European integration ambitions of Ukraine and other Eastern European countries, there is a markedly growing cognitive interest in various aspects of the EU’s functioning, including its financial and budgetary provisions. Analysis of recent research and publications. There are many attempts by European scientists to interpret and justify the structure of the revenues and expenditures of the EU budget. Materials and methods. The study is based on a systematic approach and is carried out using methods of empirical, historical-comparative, structural analysis, financial and statistical, graphic and some other general scientific methods. Results. In addition to structural composition of two parts inherent in any budget – revenue and expenditure – the EU budget system is cha-racterized by the presence of a number of additional elements and mechanisms due to the supranational features of its formation and dynamic target guidelines for the development of the integration association itself. In recent years, it has undergone significant transfor-mations. In order to promote accelerated post-pandemic recovery, an unpre¬cedented financial instrument «New Generation EU» has been created in the EU. Such new financial instruments as the Recovery and Resilience Facility, InvestEU and RescEU programs. Conclusions. The EU’s system of political priorities has been significantly transformed in recent years under the influence of the latest challenges and threats. From the fiscal point of view it improves the chances for Ukraine to implement its European integration aspirations after 2027.